Four approaches to the political economy development of...

The study of development in Latin America has been approached from a variety of academic disciplines. International Political Economy scholars have provided a number of different approaches for studying, analyzing and understanding the political and institutional constrains that have shaped the development of Latin American countries. They have also incorporated into the analysis variables such as the influence of international organizations and the economic and class history, and its relation with one of the principal characteristics of Latin American countries: the disparity between the wealthy and the poor. Throughout this work, I intend to summarize and review four of the most representative theories that have helped shape the study†¦show more content†¦Under this particular view underdevelopment in Latin America has its roots in Colonialism, which generated a specific economic structure and a very particular dynamic (always determined by the economic interests and needs of the core region) between the core and the peripheral territories that resulted in, among other things, export dependence, rigid class hierarchy and unequal exchange opportunities. After the colonized countries became independent, the relationships they had undertaken did not change. The elite that were now in charge followed an agenda that maintained these relationships and favored special interests that not only did not help to end the dependency to the core, but in many cases allowed for the rise of authoritarian governments. Dependency Theory is a critique, and an alternative to free market economists and modernization theories. It attempts to explain underdevelopment by examining the unequal interactions between core and periphery nations and by arguing that underdeveloped countries must reduce their connections with the metropolis and minimize external pressures in order to achieve a developed status. The United StatesShow MoreRelatedTheories or Concept Practices of Developing Countries1234 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Theories/ Concepts practices of Developing Countries Developing nations have undergone many transformations in terms of governance, education, infrastructure, economy and on human rights issues. Developing countries have utilized a lot of concepts and practices in order to meet society needs. Over the last decade, African countries had dictatorial leaders, but since the beginning of this century, revolutions have taken place, a very good example is the fall of Gaddafis, Mubaraks governments inRead MoreThe Great Compromiser: Henry Clay and His Views on Foreign Policy2313 Words   |  9 PagesViews on Foreign Policy Henry Clay served as both Senator and Representative from Kentucky. He was elected to the Senate a total of four times, and to the House a total of three. He served as Speaker of the House on three separate occasions, and was the Secretary of State under President John Quincy Adams, between the years 1825 and 1829. Most of Clays political career was with the Democratic Republican Party, and he ran for president in the election of 1824 as a Democratic Republican against JohnRead MoreEntrepreneurship Is A Major Determinant Of Economic Growth2083 Words   |  9 Pages1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Entrepreneurship has played a vital role in the economic development of a country along with innovation and competition. Landes (1998) stated that Entrepreneurship is also a solution to poverty alleviation. In modern times, Poverty and wealth has been linked to entrepreneurial activities. However, entrepreneurship has not been studied widely in developing countries in the world. According to Reynolds et al. (2004), more than 400 million persons are either owner orRead MoreModernisation and Radical Approach to Development2779 Words   |  12 Pagesattempt to compare the modernization and radical approaches to development and deciding which approach of the two offers a plausible explanation to what is prevailing in LDCs like Zambia. It will start by defining the major concepts which are development, modernization and radical approach, and then it shall proceed to make a full analysis of the two approaches respectively. The advantages and criticism will be given specifically for the t wo approaches, and it shall evaluate which one is better helpingRead MoreModernisation and Radical Approach to Development2772 Words   |  12 Pagesattempt to compare the modernization and radical approaches to development and deciding which approach of the two offers a plausible explanation to what is prevailing in LDCs like Zambia. It will start by defining the major concepts which are development, modernization and radical approach, and then it shall proceed to make a full analysis of the two approaches respectively. The advantages and criticism will be given specifically for the two approaches, and it shall evaluate which one is better helpingRead MoreBric Analysis Essay11111 Words   |  45 PagesPolity . Volume 42, Number 1 . January 2010 r 2010 Northeastern Political Science Association 0032-3497/10 www.palgrave-journals.com/polity/ Brazil, the Entrepreneurial and Democratic BRIC* Leslie Elliott Armijo Portland State University Sean W. Burges University of Ottawa By most objective metrics, Brazil is the least imposing of the ‘‘BRICs countries’’— less populous than China and India, slower-growing in recent years than China, India, or Russia, and the only member of the group lackingRead MoreAn Informal Institution Based View1593 Words   |  7 Pagesas part of the concept of global business. Culture, an informal institution plays a major role in the success and failures of multinational enterprises around the world. The formal institution includes laws, regulations, and rules, also termed as political systems, legal systems, and economic systems. Informal institution includes cultures, ethics, and norms. Both come under the main umbrella of institution based view of the unified framework model for global business. (Peng, 2014) Informal institutionRead MoreMarketing Strategies For Developing Market Strategies3058 Words   |  13 Pagesmanagement function responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. Strategic Marketing is, therefore, both a philosophy and a set of techniques which address such matters as research, product design and development, pricing, packaging, sales and sales promotion, advertising, public relations, distribution and after-sales service. These activities define the broad scope of marketing and their balanced integration within a marketing plan is known as the marketingRead More Colombian Democracy Essay5929 Words   |  24 PagesColombia in a single snapshot. There are two realities of Colombia scholars use to frame analysis of the birthplace of Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s magical realism: â€Å"armed conflict† and â€Å"political democracy.† These phenomena are a defining feature of modern Colombia. They have coexisted s ince 1958 when the National Front political pact ended intra-elite conflict in La Violencia but failed to guarantee a stable social order. In a sense, Colombian society was never successfully â€Å"pacified† in the way its neighboringRead MoreCarrefour : The World s Third Biggest Retailer1642 Words   |  7 Pages It was established in 1959 in France and works four market groups: hypermarkets, grocery stores, money and convey and accommodation stores. It has more than 9500 stores worked by the organization or establishments. Carrefour s hard rebate brand DIA turned out to be more in 2011 yet is still part of the Carrefour bunch. Carrefour is available in 32 nations with more than 470.000 workers. Its three noteworthy markets are Europe, Latin free America and Asia (Carrefour, 2010) It yearly deals in 2010