Four approaches to the political economy development of...

The study of development in Latin America has been approached from a variety of academic disciplines. International Political Economy scholars have provided a number of different approaches for studying, analyzing and understanding the political and institutional constrains that have shaped the development of Latin American countries. They have also incorporated into the analysis variables such as the influence of international organizations and the economic and class history, and its relation with one of the principal characteristics of Latin American countries: the disparity between the wealthy and the poor. Throughout this work, I intend to summarize and review four of the most representative theories that have helped shape the study†¦show more content†¦Under this particular view underdevelopment in Latin America has its roots in Colonialism, which generated a specific economic structure and a very particular dynamic (always determined by the economic interests and needs of the core region) between the core and the peripheral territories that resulted in, among other things, export dependence, rigid class hierarchy and unequal exchange opportunities. After the colonized countries became independent, the relationships they had undertaken did not change. The elite that were now in charge followed an agenda that maintained these relationships and favored special interests that not only did not help to end the dependency to the core, but in many cases allowed for the rise of authoritarian governments. Dependency Theory is a critique, and an alternative to free market economists and modernization theories. It attempts to explain underdevelopment by examining the unequal interactions between core and periphery nations and by arguing that underdeveloped countries must reduce their connections with the metropolis and minimize external pressures in order to achieve a developed status. The United StatesShow MoreRelatedTheories or Concept Practices of Developing Countries1234 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Theories/ Concepts practices of Developing Countries Developing nations have undergone many transformations in terms of governance, education, infrastructure, economy and on human rights issues. Developing countries have utilized a lot of concepts and practices in order to meet society needs. Over the last decade, African countries had dictatorial leaders, but since the beginning of this century, revolutions have taken place, a very good example is the fall of Gaddafis, Mubaraks governments inRead MoreThe Great Compromiser: Henry Clay and His Views on Foreign Policy2313 Words   |  9 PagesViews on Foreign Policy Henry Clay served as both Senator and Representative from Kentucky. He was elected to the Senate a total of four times, and to the House a total of three. He served as Speaker of the House on three separate occasions, and was the Secretary of State under President John Quincy Adams, between the years 1825 and 1829. Most of Clays political career was with the Democratic Republican Party, and he ran for president in the election of 1824 as a Democratic Republican against JohnRead MoreEntrepreneurship Is A Major Determinant Of Economic Growth2083 Words   |  9 Pages1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Entrepreneurship has played a vital role in the economic development of a country along with innovation and competition. Landes (1998) stated that Entrepreneurship is also a solution to poverty alleviation. In modern times, Poverty and wealth has been linked to entrepreneurial activities. However, entrepreneurship has not been studied widely in developing countries in the world. According to Reynolds et al. (2004), more than 400 million persons are either owner orRead MoreModernisation and Radical Approach to Development2779 Words   |  12 Pagesattempt to compare the modernization and radical approaches to development and deciding which approach of the two offers a plausible explanation to what is prevailing in LDCs like Zambia. It will start by defining the major concepts which are development, modernization and radical approach, and then it shall proceed to make a full analysis of the two approaches respectively. The advantages and criticism will be given specifically for the t wo approaches, and it shall evaluate which one is better helpingRead MoreModernisation and Radical Approach to Development2772 Words   |  12 Pagesattempt to compare the modernization and radical approaches to development and deciding which approach of the two offers a plausible explanation to what is prevailing in LDCs like Zambia. It will start by defining the major concepts which are development, modernization and radical approach, and then it shall proceed to make a full analysis of the two approaches respectively. The advantages and criticism will be given specifically for the two approaches, and it shall evaluate which one is better helpingRead MoreBric Analysis Essay11111 Words   |  45 PagesPolity . Volume 42, Number 1 . January 2010 r 2010 Northeastern Political Science Association 0032-3497/10 www.palgrave-journals.com/polity/ Brazil, the Entrepreneurial and Democratic BRIC* Leslie Elliott Armijo Portland State University Sean W. Burges University of Ottawa By most objective metrics, Brazil is the least imposing of the ‘‘BRICs countries’’— less populous than China and India, slower-growing in recent years than China, India, or Russia, and the only member of the group lackingRead MoreAn Informal Institution Based View1593 Words   |  7 Pagesas part of the concept of global business. Culture, an informal institution plays a major role in the success and failures of multinational enterprises around the world. The formal institution includes laws, regulations, and rules, also termed as political systems, legal systems, and economic systems. Informal institution includes cultures, ethics, and norms. Both come under the main umbrella of institution based view of the unified framework model for global business. (Peng, 2014) Informal institutionRead MoreMarketing Strategies For Developing Market Strategies3058 Words   |  13 Pagesmanagement function responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. Strategic Marketing is, therefore, both a philosophy and a set of techniques which address such matters as research, product design and development, pricing, packaging, sales and sales promotion, advertising, public relations, distribution and after-sales service. These activities define the broad scope of marketing and their balanced integration within a marketing plan is known as the marketingRead More Colombian Democracy Essay5929 Words   |  24 PagesColombia in a single snapshot. There are two realities of Colombia scholars use to frame analysis of the birthplace of Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s magical realism: â€Å"armed conflict† and â€Å"political democracy.† These phenomena are a defining feature of modern Colombia. They have coexisted s ince 1958 when the National Front political pact ended intra-elite conflict in La Violencia but failed to guarantee a stable social order. In a sense, Colombian society was never successfully â€Å"pacified† in the way its neighboringRead MoreCarrefour : The World s Third Biggest Retailer1642 Words   |  7 Pages It was established in 1959 in France and works four market groups: hypermarkets, grocery stores, money and convey and accommodation stores. It has more than 9500 stores worked by the organization or establishments. Carrefour s hard rebate brand DIA turned out to be more in 2011 yet is still part of the Carrefour bunch. Carrefour is available in 32 nations with more than 470.000 workers. Its three noteworthy markets are Europe, Latin free America and Asia (Carrefour, 2010) It yearly deals in 2010

Theme of Colonialism and Imperialism in Conrads Heart of...

The Theme of Imperialism in Heart of Darkness Of the themes in Conrads Heart of Darkness, imperialism and colonialism are probably the most important. While Heart of Darkness is actually set on the Thames River, the events Marlow describes are set on the Congo River. The Congo is the river that brought about the partition of Africa that occurred from 1880 to 1890 (McLynn 13). This event marked the beginning of the colonization of Africa. In 1884, European nations held a conference and decided that every European country should have free access to the interior of Africa. Thus began the colonization of Africa, without any consideration that the land was already inhabited (McLynn 18). King Leopold of Belgium already had, from a†¦show more content†¦Some critics, such as Chinua Achebe, were alarmed by Conrads use of the word nigger and the use of foreboding images commonly associated with Africa and savagery. The images Achebe found error in included paganism, disease, insanity, cannibalism, polygamy, and excessive sexualit y. The charge against Conrad about the use of the word nigger is justified by the time Heart of Darkness was written. A quote from The Africa That Never Was by Hammond and Jablow states No issue was taken with the word or its use at this time, though some in position of administrative responsibility, clearly aware of its pejorative content, eschewed its use. In this connection it is noteworthy that [Sir Harry] Johnston [writing in the 1880s] occasionally lapses into using the word, but discreetly hemmed in quotation marks. Later, when he became Proconsul of British Empire in Africa, he did not use the term at all. (qtd. in Bradley) Thus it is quite certain that by 1899 Conrad knew the implication of the word when he used it. It is likely that Conrad also used the images that Achebe found so intolerable with full understanding of their ramification. However, Heart of Darkness is a very ironic and deceptive work of literature. The term and the images could have been used ironically to show the contrast between the prevailing attitude of the time and the true effect of colonization and also to give the reader a closer insight to Marlows mindsetShow MoreRelatedEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1276 Words   |  6 Pagesof decolonization, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness presents one of fictions strongest accounts of British imperialism. Conrad’s attitude towards imperialism and race has been the subject of much literary and historical debate. Many literary critics view Conrad as accepting blindly the arrogant attitude of the white male European and condemn Conrad to be a racist and imperialis ts. The other side vehemently defends Conrad, perceiving the novel to be an attack on imperialism and the colonial experienceRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness1745 Words   |  7 Pagesdepth review of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, a classical novella that illustrates without bias the motives behind human intentions and the extremes individuals can go to achieve wealth and profits at the expense of others with the aim of shedding insight into the rise of European imperialism, the imperial history, its politics and evil activities in the colonized African tribes along the river Congo during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The Heart of Darkness is an exceptionally figurativeRead MoreKing s Ghost By Adam Hochschild Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagescause of colonialism. Although he does not have a life devoted expertise to the Congo, his research and background was thorough and descriptive. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness served as a primary influence to many people who seeked to further their knowledge on the predicaments surrounding the Congo. On the contrary, rather than displaying literary occurrences, he portrayed creativity in a hypothetical scenario to draw readers attention. Edward Said, author of â€Å"Two Visions in the Heart of Darkness†, providesRead MoreHeart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad1329 Words   |  5 Pages Heart of Darkness is a novel written by Joseph Conrad. The setting of the book is in Belgian Congo, which was the most infamous European colony in Africa. This is a story about the protagonist Marlow’s journey to self discovery, and his experiences in Congo. Conrad’s story explores the colonialism period in Africa to demonstrate Marlow’s struggles. Along the way, he faces insanity, death, his fear of failure, and cultural contamination as he makes his was to the inner station. Conrad through theRead More The Theme of Darkness in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Theme of Darkness in Conrads Heart of Darkness Works Cited Not Included It has been said that although Conrad may not have been the greatest novelist, he was certainly the greatest artist every to write a novel;. I feel that this is an apt description of Conrads writing style in Heart of Darkness (1902), as he paints many verbal pictures by using expressive words and many figurative descriptions of places and people. An extensive use of words relating to colour, is evident throughoutRead More The Lie of Imperialism Exposed in Literature Essay3048 Words   |  13 Pagesconcerning colonialism, then a comparative study of colonial and postcolonial works is essential for attaining a full understanding of the far-reaching effects of European imperialism (Groden and Kreiswirth 582). Reading colonial literature in dialogue with postcolonial literature engenders a more complete interpretation of the effects of imperialism by creating a point of reference from which to begin the revelation and the healing of cultural wounds resultant from European colonialism. PostcolonialRead MoreComparative Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis: â€Å"Heart of Darkness† â€Å"Apocalypse Now† Student: Mora Vandenbroele Teacher: Azucena Estigarribia Year: 11th â€Å"A† â€Å"Heart of Darkness† vs. â€Å"Apocalypse Now† It is very interesting how humans are so intrigued about the evilness in the world, and the dedication of some men to compare Hell with the Earthly horror. Joseph Conrad, a genius writer, took his time to show this with his masterpiece â€Å"Heart of Darkness† that wasRead MoreThe Importance Of Imperialism In Joseph Conrads Heart Of Darkness1174 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Conrad’s work seems to simply stress, â€Å"Humanity is important; fidelity is the highest virtue† (Moser, 1966, pg 11) but is both more subtle and complex. Even in the title of the book, Heart of Darkness, has significance. Africa’s Victorian era nickname was the ‘dark continent’, which â€Å"referred to the fact that little was known in the West about the interior of the continent† (yourdictionary.com, 2017). Therefore, Congo is the interior or ‘heart’ of Africa. This title also alludes toRead MoreEssay On Heart Of Darkness720 Words   |   3 PagesBook Review: Heart of Darkness When reading Joseph Conrad’s stunning work of literary fiction, Heart of Darkness, one is transported to the Congo’s jungles itself and has to ferociously fight until the end. The novel is readable to those determined to reach the end; the words are arranged almost in a way that makes the reader feel the struggle of the Congo. Reading the novel is indeed a journey itself, making the end worth the struggle. In Heart of Darkness, the narrator is in fact not the realRead MoreEssay on Conrad’s usage of imagery in the - Heart of Darkness -1640 Words   |  7 PagesConrad’s usage of imagery in the - Heart of Darkness - Aristotle, a famous Greek philosopher, said that the aim of art is to represent not the outward appearance of things, but their inward significance. If that is the case, then Joseph Conrad is a true artist regarding the pictures he paints with his words. Conrads most effective literary tool for plot development and expressing the theme is his use of imagery. Karl, a noted critic, explains this technique that Conrad uses. â€Å"The scenes

Flowers for Algernon Charlies Psychological Trau Essay Example For Students

Flowers for Algernon: Charlies Psychological Trau Essay masFlowers for Algernon: Charlies Psychological TraumasMedical operations are carried out everyday, but for some, an operation canchange a persons life. One experiment was done on a mentally retarded personto try to raise his intelligence. The experiment worked, but after months, thepatient regressed dramatically. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, by DanielKeyes, this intelligence operation was preformed, and the patient was CharlieGordon. After the operation, Charlie was very bright, but experiencedpsychological traumas, loneliness, disillusionment, and social inadequacies. Charlies psychological traumas or emotional upset was caused by his memoryrecalls. After his operation, he remembered every aspect of his childhood,whether it was good or bad. Hes normal! Hes normal! Hell grow up likeother people. Better than others Charlie had dreams of how his mother wasashamed of him. His mother always thought her son was normal and would grow upand be somebody. Hes like a baby. He cant play Monopoly or checkers oranything. I wont play with him anymore Charlies sister also ignored him. To her, Charlie was dumb and could not do anything. Charlie had dreams of hissister yelling at him and making fun of him. He also had memories of the nighthis parents took him to the Warren Home. He was terrified and his dad wouldnever answer his questions. Charlie remembered his childhood and through hismemories, he felt guilty for hurting his family. After the operation, Charlie also suffered from disillusionment. In thebakery he used to have friends. Friends that would talk to him and care abouthim. Why? Because all of the sudden your a bigshot. You think you arebetter than the rest of us Charlie then realized that he had no friends butmerely knew people that made fun of him. The bakery employees just liked himbecause they could blame their mistakes on Charlie. Then, they could not dothis after the operation, so they all turned against Charlie. I had to findout just how much they knew. I found out. Nothing Both frauds Charliealso found out about Nemur and Strauss. He realized they were not professionals,but two men that were taking a shot in the dark. Charlie felt like anexpendable lab specimen. Thus, Charlie had lost his friends and knew now he wasjust a like a lab rat. Charlie had lacked faith in his fellow man. Thoughts of suicide to stop it all while I am still in controlEveryday Charlie lost a piece of himself. He was starting to regress andthought about suicide to end his up and down life. He became irritable and edgyaround people at the university. He would become mad at people very quickly andthen yell at them. His self-centered and arrogant personality was a symptom ofhis regression. People stayed away from him because he was becoming a madmanand was unpredictable. Because of this, Charlie became lonely in his last weeksbefore he regressed totally. Intelligence without the ability to give and receive affection can leadto a mental breakdown Charlie experienced social inadequacies while he wasintelligent. You know as well as I do, you dont need to work hereanymore Charlie lost his job because he was to smart to work in a bakery. He could not socially interact with people he worked with and the people he met. Also, Charlie could not perform with Alice or Fay. I saw him watching mewith his eyes wide open. I couldnt do it He experienced illusions when hetried to make love with Alice. The Charlie inside of himself emerged andstarted to regain control of his mind. All in all, Charlie suffered from thepain of not knowing how to deal with his peers and decisions. .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 , .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 .postImageUrl , .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 , .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498:hover , .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498:visited , .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498:active { border:0!important; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498:active , .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498 .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff5c9fa144d259950a37731002eca498:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child development EssayTherefore, after the operation, Charlie became a smart man but he had topay the price for it. He had psychological traumas, suffered from lonelinessand illusions, and did not know how to act with his peers. Charlie regressedand finally went to the Warren Home, but he at least experienced the worldthrough normal eyes. On the other hand, Charlie might of been better offwithout the experiment. He would still have friends and a job, but mostimportant of all, he would have a life. English

What Does A Relationship Do For An Individual Every Relationship Betw Essay Example For Students

What Does A Relationship Do For An Individual? Every Relationship Betw Essay een a male and female change their current status. Having a relationship affected me in many ways in which some are good and some bad. The good and bad sides to having a relationship are lower grades, need of more money, but a better social life. One of the main reasons why students receive lower grades are due to relationships.Having to be able to keep in touch with the one you have feelings for takes time away from your homework andother things you might need to accomplish. Some students may be able to get their priorities straight and stay ontrack but its highly unlikely. Your homwork piles up little by little and you wont even notice it until the day before all the work is due! Thatswhen youll realize youre behind, but by then its too late. Money is a key factor to a relationship because in a relationship every couple wants to do things togetherlike watch a movie, eat dinner, or buy him/her a gift. You may be able to stay on track in school, have high grades, etc. but the point is its better when you have a relationship than not having one. Well, for most people anyways. One thing for sure is that youll have a better social life. Youll have someone to talk to when you have problems and someone to lean onShe can be a great comfort to you if the person actually does care for you. If youre going out with a person becausethe person just has a nice physical appearance, than you might not have that luxury, but it is a great conveniencefor most people. I hope this has informed everyone that read this about the good and bad sides to having a relationship. There are many other reasons to a relationship, but these are the main three things to it, at least for me anyways. My advice to everyone is, wait until youre out of school i f you want a good future, because it can really mess your grades up, but if youre willing to be diligent and can live with less sleep then by all meansstart a relationship. At least, one that will last.

Undertale Soundtrack by Toby Fox free essay sample

The background of the game you are playing spirals and blooms into lively music that comes to life around you.The soundtrack of aforementioned game Undertale, the new role-playing game entirely made by Toby Fox (including the soundtracks) tells a stunning story through even more fascinating music. The different pieces flow together to form one expansive tale. The songs have just enough similarities to unite the album while still being individual, unique tracks. As you go down the track list you can hear a story happen with memorable sequences and events shown with the albums wide range from electronic music to rich orchestrals.Waterfall and Another Medium are two of my favorites. With beautiful sounds and moving instrumentals and sound effects that will send echoes, they easily are the highlights of the album. Waterfall’s† change from chilling chimes to intense orchestrals with an ending reminiscent of the beginning is a perfect pair with Another Medium’s† h auntingly beautiful sounds supported by jaw dropping electronic beats. We will write a custom essay sample on Undertale Soundtrack by Toby Fox or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, not all the tracks are haunting and orchestral.Another notable track is Death by Glamour which will make you dance to the vibrant music. The bouncy and electronic rhythms are sure to capture your into the beats. Not be outdone is Spider Dance, which has rapid electronic beats that combine together together to form a mysterious dance of notes. Together the songs provide some of the features of the middle of the album, revolving around character traits and important scenes.As the story of the journey underground draws to an end, the music conveys it too. The Choice is an absolutely moving piece with the right pace and sounds that make you feel like you are in a beautiful, suspenseful, yet harmonic wonderland. The album concludes with the complex, moving piece Asgore. Thus, the music beautifully sums and ends the album by reflecting many aspects of the entire track. So if you want to listen to an album with music that tells a story in a rich and colorful way, give Undertale a listen like thousands have already. If you liked songs for the webcomic Homestuck by Toby Fox such as MeGaLoVania and Moonsetter†, then the Undertale soundtrack will most definitely satisfy your tastes. With songs that will move you to the core but will also lighten your heart at the same time, this album sure wont disappoint. Are you ready to be whirled away with the music to the domain of Undertale?

Criminal Justice Example

Criminal Justice Example Criminal Justice – Coursework Example Due Process Due process is a common term in the field of law and describes the concept of farness regarding all legal affairs. It stands for the rights of individuals and the manner in which they ought to receive treatment from the state. All the procedures and court practice ought to receive critical attention so that eventually the treatment of the particular individual is impartial. Through due process, the constitution and the state receive respect from the citizens. The American legal system is one that has received a lot of criticism from both the local people and even internationally (Roach, 2012). The reason for the criticism is the fact that many cases remain pending in courts while others receive conclusions without critical review of present evidence. It is because of this that the American system requires the due process to receive attention critically. The American legal system also requires the due process to evaluate the validity of the case in hand.Without due process , many cases in the contemporary environment would go without appropriate judgment (Orth, 2013). Many guilty people would not receive the judgment that they deserve and consequently the environment would have more sociopaths roaming. It is also critical to note that without due process, the justice system would lack in fairness and this would lead to many innocent parties getting time in jail. Moreover, the perpetrators of the system would continue with their behavior knowing that the government is unresponsive. I would not want to live in a society that does not follow the due process rights. The reason for this is that such a society has people that do not appreciate the system and consequently carry on their activities without worry of the system. Such an environment is very unsafe for the occupants and I would have a guilty conscience living in such a place. Moreover, I would live in fear because I could get implication for a crime. ReferenceOrth, J. (2013). Due Process. London: Oxford University Press.Roach, K. (2012). Due Process and Rights. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Criminal Justice Example Criminal Justice – Coursework Example Methods of Inquiry in Criminal Justice Affiliation Methods of Inquiry in Criminal Justice Inquiry plays a crucial role in criminal justice. Inquiry not only helps us to reconstruct the past but also helps us to create new knowledge that may come in handy in solving contemporary problems. It is essential for criminal justice practitioners to sharpen their inquiry skills so as to enable them propagate a fair process of criminal investigation. This essay will examine critical methods of investigation as well as how they applied in a criminal investigation. In addition, the article will also delve into the scientific method of investigation and its application to a criminal investigation. There are several methods of investigation that include; surveys, content analysis, field research and deductive reasoning. Firstly, content analysis refers to reviewing and analyzing text composed by someone and then applying their recommendations to solve a crime (Maxfield and Babbie, 2014). Secondly, survey involves having interviews with respondents one on one or via questionnaires online and then using the data to solve a crime. Thirdly, in field research, a criminal investigator observes the behavior of subjects and then proceeds to draw conclusions from the observations made. Finally, in deductive reasoning, theory is applied on a problem to explain its existence and provide a method to deal with it (Vito, Kunselman and Tewksbury, 2008, p. 8). The scientific method is an essential method used by criminal investigators as it allows minimum room for error. It is a systematic approach that involves the identification of a problem, carrying out observations, forming hypotheses, testing hypotheses and finally evaluating the theories to come up with knowledge. Criminal justice practitioners will have to identify a problem and then reduce it to a researchable level. From that point forward, the specialist will have to design a method to find evidence to support his hypothesis. Aft er evidence has been collected and analyzed, conclusions can now be drawn as to the best method to use in solving the problem that had been identified. It is clearly evident from this essay that inquiry is essential to criminal investigators in solving crimes satisfactorily. The key methods of examination include but are not limited to survey, content analysis, field research, and deductive reasoning. Of all the approaches to research, the scientific process is the most important as it provides a small margin of error. The scientific method incorporates problem identification, hypothesis formation, hypothesis testing as well as theory evaluation in crime solution. As such, the scientific method is at the forefront of crime solution by crime investigators.References Ferdico, J. N., Fradella, H. F., & Totten, C. D. (2013).  Criminal procedure for the criminal justice professional. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Joyce, P. (2006).  Criminal justice: An introduction to crim e and the criminal justice system. Cullompton [u.a.: Willan. Maxfield, M., & Babbie, E. (2014).  Research methods for criminal justice and criminology. Cengage Learning. Vito, G., Kunselman, J., & Tewksbury, R. (2008).  Introduction to Criminal Justice Research Methods: An Applied Approach. Springfield: Charles C Thomas Publisher, LTD.

Rise in Bed Bug Infestations

Rise in Bed Bug Infestations Question: Why Are Bed Bugs Making a Comeback? Answer: For centuries, bed bugs were a common pest wherever humans lived. According to Susan C. Jones, Assistant Professor of Entomology at Ohio State University, bed bugs traveled to North America with the colonists. From the 17th century until World War II, people slept with these bloodthirsty parasites biting them. Just after World War II, strong pesticides like DDT and chlordane came into widespread use. Bed bugs nearly disappeared completely over several decades of heavy pesticide use. Bed bug infestations were limited, and bed bugs were no longer considered a major pest. Eventually, these pesticides were proven harmful to peoples health and the environment. The U.S. banned DDT in 1972 when it was shown to contribute to the decline of birds like the bald eagle. A total ban on chlordane followed in 1988. Peoples attitudes about pesticides also changed. Knowing these chemicals could harm us, we lost our enthusiasm for fumigating every last bug in our homes. The pesticides used in homes today do a better job of targeting specific pest populations. Rather than spray a broad spectrum pesticide in their homes, people use chemical baits and traps to kill common pests, like ants or roaches. Since bed bugs feed only on blood, they arent attracted to these pest control baits. Just as broad spectrum pesticide use waned, cheap air travel allowed people to visit places where bed bugs still persisted. Bed bugs hadnt made headlines in years, and most travelers never considered the possibility of bringing bed bugs home. Stowaway bed bugs in luggage and clothing made their way to cities and towns where they had been eradicated decades ago. Bed bugs now infest numerous public places, where they can crawl onto clothing and hitchhike to your home. Hotels top the list of bed bug hideouts, but they may also be found in theaters, airplanes, subways, trains, buses, prisons, and dormitories. Your best guard against bed bugs is information. Know what they look like, and take appropriate steps to keep them from crossing your threshold.